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- <text id=89TT2468>
- <title>
- Sep. 18, 1989: What Can Americans Do?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Sep. 18, 1989 Torching The Amazon
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 85
- What Can Americans Do?
- </hdr><body>
- <p> It is easy for Americans to criticize Brazil's record on
- the environment, since they already live in a rich,
- industrialized country. But the U.S. achieved this status
- largely by doing just what Brazil is condemned for: ruthlessly
- exploiting natural resources -- including cutting down most of
- its native forests -- and fouling the environment in the
- process. Why, ask Brazilians, should they forgo the benefits of
- development just because North Americans have suddenly got
- religion?
- </p>
- <p> Even more galling, the U.S. continues to be a major
- degrader of the planet. Its cars and factories pump hundreds of
- millions of tons of chemicals into the air each year,
- contributing to such atmospheric evils as greenhouse warming and
- acid rain. No wonder Brazil cries "environmental imperialism."
- </p>
- <p> If Americans are truly interested in saving the rain
- forests, they should move beyond rhetoric and suggest policies
- that are practical -- and acceptable -- to the understandably
- wary Brazilians. Such policies cannot be presented as
- take-them-or-leave-them propositions. If the U.S. expects
- better performance from Brazil, Brazil has a right to make
- demands in return. In fact, the U.S. and Brazil need to engage
- in face-to-face negotiations as part of a formal dialogue on the
- environment between the industrial nations and the developing
- countries. The two sides frequently negotiate on debt
- refinancing and other issues. Why not put the environment at the
- top of the agenda?
- </p>
- <p> To get developing countries like Brazil to talk seriously,
- the U.S. might have to take some unilateral steps. It is not so
- much that the Brazilians care particularly whether Los Angeles
- is smoggy or Akron acrid. But a willingness by Americans to make
- painful choices in atoning for their own sins would go far to
- defuse the Brazilians' indignation. Further stiffening of
- fuel-economy standards for new American cars, for example, would
- send a strong signal. So would an increase in federal gasoline
- taxes to bring U.S. fuel prices closer to those in Brazil and
- the rest of the world. And perhaps most to the point, the U.S.
- should stop its questionable logging of ancient forests in the
- Pacific Northwest and Alaska.
- </p>
- <p> At the bargaining table, the U.S., Western Europe and Japan
- would have a huge carrot to offer: debt relief. Developing
- countries might be more willing to curb environmental abuses if
- part of their $1.3 trillion foreign debt were forgiven. There
- is precedent for this strategy in the so-called debt-for-nature
- swaps pioneered in Bolivia and Costa Rica. In these plans,
- nations have received debt reductions if they have agreed to
- protect certain tracts of land from development.
- </p>
- <p> But Brazilians have resisted such swaps, fearing a loss of
- sovereignty over local resources. Instead of offering debt
- relief in return for nature preserves that some Brazilians do
- not want, the U.S. could offer it in exchange for something the
- Brazilians need: responsible development. The forest land should
- be utilized without being destroyed. A dam that flooded a vast
- area to produce small amounts of electricity would not qualify
- for debt relief, for example; a well-managed tree-harvesting
- operation would.
- </p>
- <p> Another area in which Brazil could use help is in the
- training of local conservationists, who lag far behind their
- American counterparts in expertise, equipment and financing.
- Says Fernando Cesar Mesquita, head of Ibama, the Brazilian
- environmental protection agency: "We have created 130
- conservation areas, and we have designated 2 million hectares
- of national parkland, but we need money to buy that land, put
- up fences and administer these parks."
- </p>
- <p> Other, better ideas might come from direct negotiations.
- The talks would be the crucial step in preserving the Amazon
- region. By agreeing to discuss the situation and offering
- reasonable suggestions, rather than simply preaching, the U.S.
- would at least have a chance of doing what it has so far failed
- to do: nudge Brazil toward a more environmentally sound
- development policy.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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